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Beamline 4.0.2

Magnetic Spectroscopy

Operational	Now
Source characteristics	5.0-cm-period elliptical polarization undulator (EPU5)
Energy range	52–1900 eV; minimum energy polarization dependent
Monochromator	Variable-included-angle PGM
Calculated flux (1.9 GeV, 400 mA)	1 x 10¹³ photons/s/0.1%BW at 800 eV [Value reported is the merit function flux = total flux x (degree of circular polarization)².]
Resolving power (E/DE)	5,000–10,000 at source size limit; energy-dependent > 25,000 at 64 eV, 10-mm entrance/exit slits
Special notes	Polarization is user selectable; linear polarization continously variable from horizontal to vertical; left and right elliptical (or circular) polarization
Endstations	XMCD Chamber X-Ray Absorption Chamber Advanced Photoelectron Spectrometer/Diffractometer Gas-Phase Absorption Cell Spin Spectrometer MXCD Cryo-Chamber L-Edge Chamber with Superconducting Spectrometer XMCD Chamber (6 T, 2 K) Photoemission Electron Microscope
Local contacts	Name: Anthony T. Young Phone: (510) 486-7746 Fax: (510) 486-7696 Email: atyoung@lbl.gov Name: Elke Arenholz Phone: (510) 486-4834 Fax: (510) 486-7588 Email: earenholz@lbl.gov
Spokesperson	Name: Stephen P. Cramer Affiliation: Univ. of California, Davis/ Berkeley Lab Phone: (510) 486-4720 Fax: (510) 486-5664 Email: spcramer@lbl.gov
Beamline phone number	(510) 495-2041

XMCD Chamber

Characteristics	UHV chamber with an external electromagnet
Spatial resolution	None
Detectors	Sample current
Spot size at sample	1 mm (h) x 0.1 mm (v) , larger if defocused
Samples
Format	Up to 1 x 1 cm
Preparation	None
Sample environment	UHV, liquid N₂ to room temperature
Special notes	Electromagnet: 0.25 Tesla
Scientific applications	Spectroscopy on ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials
Experimental techniques	NEXAFS, XMCD, XMLD
Local contact	Name: Hendrik Ohldag Phone: (510) 486-6645 Fax: (510) 486-2111 Email: hohldag@lbl.gov
Spokesperson	Name: Joachim Stöhr Affiliation: Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Phone: (650) 926-2570 Fax: (650) 926-4100 Email: stohr@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu

X-Ray Absorption Chamber

Characteristics	Two positions for UHV or HV samples
Spatial resolution	None
Detectors	Total electron yield
Spot size at sample	1 mm (h) x 0.1 mm (v), larger if defocused
Samples
Format	Any solid sample
Sample environment	10^-9 Torr or < 10^-3 Torr behind a thin window
Special notes	Sample manipulator accommodates multiple samples; transmission experiments also possible
Scientific applications	XANES, EXAFS; MCD or MLD on samples with remanent magnetic field
Experimental techniques	Soft x-ray absorption
Local contacts	Name: Anthony T. Young Phone: (510) 486-7746 Fax: (510) 486-7696 Email: atyoung@lbl.gov Name: Elke Arenholz Phone: (510) 486-4834 Fax: (510) 486-7588 Email: earenholz@lbl.gov

Advanced Photoelectron Spectrometer/Diffractometer

Characteristics	Rotatable analysis chamber, two-axis variable-temperature sample goniometer with 3-D translation operating between 150 and 2000 K; new goniometer extending to 10 K in mid-2002
Spatial resolution	10,000 ±1.5° or ±6°
Detectors	Scienta ES 200 electron spectrometer with micro-Mott spin detector (now) and Scienta XES 300 x-ray emission spectrometer (early 2002)
Spot size at sample	1 mm (h) x 0.1 mm (v), larger if defocused
Samples
Format	UHV-compatible solids up to 10 mm diameter and 1–2 mm thick
Preparation	Knudsen-cell thin-film evaporation, ion sputtering, annealing, LEED, loadlock sample insertion, in situ cleaving and magnetization
Sample environment	UHV, approximately 1 to 2 x 10^-10 Torr
Special notes	Flexible and user-friendly control system; two detectors mounted on a rotatable carousel enabling changes in ~ 30 min. without breaking UHV
Scientific applications	Electronic and magnetic properties at surfaces and interfaces, atomic and magnetic structures near surfaces and at buried interfaces, structural and magnetic phase transitions
Experimental techniques	High-resolution, angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, diffraction and holography; x-ray asborption and x-ray emission spectroscopy
Local contact	Name: Norman Mannella Phone: (510) 486-4581 Fax: (510) 486-5530 Email: nmannella@lbl.gov
Spokesperson	Name: Charles Fadley Affiliation: Univ.of California, Davis/Berkeley Lab Phone: (510) 486-5774 Fax: (510) 486-5530 Email: fadley@lbl.gov

Gas-Phase Absorption Cell

Characteristics	15-cm pathlength enclosed by thin windows, flowing or static sample
Spatial resolution	None
Detectors	Total ion current or x-ray transmission
Spot size at sample	1 mm (h) x 0.1 mm (v), larger if defocused
Samples
Format	Any sample with adequate vapor presure
Sample environment	< 0.1 x 10^-3 Torr to 5 x 10^-3 Torr
Scientific applications	Spectroscopy on gas phase systems
Experimental techniques	Soft x-ray absorption
Local contacts	Name: Anthony T. Young Phone: (510) 486-7746 Fax: (510) 486-7696 Email: atyoung@lbl.gov Name: Elke Arenholz Phone: (510) 486-4834 Fax: (510) 486-7588 Email: earenholz@lbl.gov

Spin Spectrometer

Characteristics	Spin- and angle-resolved photoemission and absorption
Spatial resolution	None
Detectors	MCD hemispherical analyzer with spin- and angle-resolving capability
Spot size at sample	1 mm (h) x 0.1 mm (v), larger if defocused
Samples
Format	Magnetic solids, thin films, and multilayers
Preparation	Sputter annealing and in situ deposition
Sample environment	UHV, 150–1200 K
Special notes	360° angle-resolving analyzer with 2° angular resolution
Scientific applications	Polarization-dependent photoemission and x-ray absorption spectroscopies of advanced magnetic materials, half metals, nanostructures, and thin films
Experimental techniques	MXCD, SPXPS, SPUPS, MLDAD, AES, XPS, UPS, LEED, ARPES, ARSPUPS
Local contact	Name: Simon Morton Phone: (510) 495-2926 Fax: (510) 486-7588 Email: samorton@lbl.gov
Spokesperson	Name: Dan Waddill Affiliation: University of Missouri-Rolla Phone: (573) 341-4111 Fax: (573) 341-4715 Email: waddill@umr.edu

MXCD Cryo-Chamber

Characteristics	Closed-cycle cryostat-based system for MXCD and MLDAD at temperatures down to 16 K in static or alternating magnetic fields
Spatial resolution	None
Detectors	Picoammeter drain current
Spot size at sample	1 mm (h) x 0.1 mm (v), larger if defocused
Samples
Format	Magnetic solids
Preparation	In-situ cleaving of single-crystal samples
Sample environment	UHV, 16–400 K
Special notes	Sample magnetization by rare-earth permanent magnets or pulsed magnetic coils
Scientific applications	Magnetic spectroscopy of advanced single-crystal magnetic materials with low Curie temperatures or low remanence
Experimental techniques	MXCD, MLDAD, x-ray absorption
Local contact	Name: Simon Morton Phone: (510) 495-2926 Fax: (510) 486-7588 Email: samorton@lbl.gov
Spokesperson	Name: Dan Waddill Affiliation: University of Missouri-Rolla Phone: (573) 341-4111 Fax: (573) 341-4715 Email: waddill@umr.edu

L-Edge Chamber with Superconducting Spectrometer

Spatial resolution	None
Detectors	Nine-element array superconducting tunnel junction fluorescence detector; sample current
Spot size at sample	1 mm (h) x 0.1 mm (v), larger if defocused
Samples
Format	Dried protein films, powders, thin films
Preparation	Proteins dried on Al₂O₃ disks, often in inert atmosphere; model compounds usually as powder on carbon tape
Sample environment	UHV (10^-8 to 10^-9 Torr), cooling down to ~15 K possible
Special notes	Also analysis of wet and/or air- sensitive samples
Scientific applications	Active sites in metalloproteins, enzymatic mechanisms
Experimental techniques	Fluorescence-detected absorption spectroscopy
Local contact	Name: Stephan Friedrich Phone: (510) 486-7319 Fax: (510) 486-5664 Email: sfriedrich@lbl.gov
Spokesperson	Name: Stephen P. Cramer Affiliation: Univ. of California, Davis/Berkeley Lab Phone: (510) 486-4720 Fax: (510) 486-5664 Email: spcramer@lbl.gov

XMCD Chamber (6 T, 2 K)

Characteristics	6-Tesla superconducting magnet, 2 K sample temperature
Spatial resolution	None
Detectors	30-element germanium fluorescence detector; sample current
Spot size at sample	1 mm (h) x 0.1 mm (v), larger if defocused
Samples
Format	Solids, powders, dried liquid films up to 5 x 5 mm
Sample environment	UHV
Scientific applications	Spectroscopy on proteins and model compounds
Experimental techniques	XMCD, L-edge spectroscopy
Local contact	Name: Tobias Funk Phone: (510) 495-2889 Fax: (510) 486-5664 Email: funk@lbl.gov
Spokesperson	Name: Stephen P. Cramer Affiliation: Univ. of California, Davis/Berkeley Lab Phone: (510) 486-4720 Fax: (510) 486-5664 Email: spcramer@lbl.gov

Photoemission Electron Microscope

Spatial resolution	80 nm
Detectors	Photoemission electron microscope (PEEM)
Spot size at sample	90 x 60 mm
Samples
Format	Single crystals and thin films grown in situ (metals and oxides), sample transfer from air through load-lock; maximum sample size 10 x 10 x 2 mm
Preparation	Ion bombardment, annealing, oxidation, magnetization
Sample environment	UHV
Special notes	Sample preparation chamber for in-situ growth; I₀ chamber with 20-mm slits for XAS, XMCD, and XMLD
Scientific applications	Investigations of magnetic nanostructures
Experimental techniques	PEEM, XAS, XMCD, XMLD, MOKE, LEED, AES
Local contact	Name: Joerg Schneider Phone: (510) 486-7249 Fax: (510) 486-7588 Email: jschneider@lbl.gov
Spokesperson	Name: Boris Sinkovic Affiliation: University of Connecticut Phone: (860) 486-6344 Fax: (860) 486-3346 Email: sinkovic@uconnvm.uconn.edu

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