Resources Employment
| Spectroscopy |
 |
|
Probes that use the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region of the spectrum (10–100 eV) are very well matched to the elucidation of bonding in solids, surfaces, and molecules; to the investigation of electron–electron correlations in solids, atoms, and ions; and to the study of reaction pathways in chemical dynamics. At the lowest end of this energy range (below 1 eV) we have infrared, far-infrared, and terahertz spectroscopies, which are well matched to vibrational modes and other modes of excitation. Soft x-ray spectroscopies employ the excitation of electrons in relatively shallow core levels (100–2000 eV) to probe the electronic structure of various kinds of matter. Elemental specificity is the watchword for this kind of spectroscopy. Each element has its own set of core levels that occur at characteristic energies. The photon-energy tunability of synchrotron radiation is essential. Hard x-ray spectroscopy is applied in a wide variety of scientific disciplines (physics, chemistry, life sciences, and geology) to investigate geometric and electronic structure. The method is element-, oxidation-state-, and symmetry-specific. It is a primary tool in the characterization of new and promising materials. It is also used in the elucidation of dilute chemical species of environmental concern.
Studies Bolster Promise of Topological Insulators A New Route to Nanoscale Conducting Channels in Insulating Oxides A Better Anode Design to Improve Lithium-Ion Batteries A Microscopic Double-Slit Experiment Direct Kinetic Measurements of a Criegee Intermediate Two Phase Transitions Make a High-Temperature Superconductor Large Magnetization at Carbon Surfaces Regarding Confinement Resonances AP-XPS Measures Active MIEC Oxides in Action Heterogeneous Morphology Found in Organic Solar Cells Probing Strain-Induced Changes in Electronic Structure with XMCD Superconducting Topological Insulators Molecular Measurements of the Deep-Sea Oil Plume in the Gulf of Mexico Platinum Nanoclusters Out-Perform Single Crystals ALS Reveals New State of Matter Compositional Variation Within Hybrid Nanostructures First Observation of Plasmarons in Graphene Site-Selective Ionization in Nanoclusters Affects Subsequent Fragmentation Biomimetic Dye Molecules for Solar Cells Electron Correlation in Iron-Based Superconductors Harnessing the Bacterial Power of Nanomagnets Bilayer Graphene Gets a Bandgap Towards Heavy Fermions in Europium Intermetallic Compounds Observation of a Macroscopically Quantum-Entangled Insulator Reaction-Driven Restructuring of Bimetallic Nanoparticle Catalysts Dirac Charge Dynamcs in Graphene by Infrared Spectroscopy Isotope and Temperature Effects in Liquid Water Probed by Soft X Rays |
